Essence of Vedic and Tantrik Teachings

13. 24. The creation of the lower triple worlds is due to the Supramental person, the Lord of Mahas.[ Sri Aurobindo titles the chapter 14 of LD as ‘ The supermind as the creator’. A verse of Vishnu Purana is the epitaph here.]
    25. Every Jiva here is a spark or Ray of the Supreme person and under his final control. Similarly, the triple instruments of matter, life and mind in a human being are under the control of the worlds of the Matter, Life and Mind.
    26. Of the one self (atman), many forms are manifested; each one of these forms is called a jiva. The essential part of every being is He on the fourth plane.
    27. Under the supramental gaze of the Lord, beings that are his forms are born.
    28. The life-force of the embodied being is active from the Bhuvarloka through the modifications on the body caused by desire for enjoyment.
    29. Mind in him is of the svar world; it is born of the splendour of svar world. Here earthly man holds in himself the principles of knowledge and action.
    30. Similarly the next higher principle, vijnana, supermind comes from the mahas-world into the embodied soul for organised functioning in life.
    31. All living beings, jiva-s have their source in the Lord of Mahas. It is his power, shakti, that manifests Him and throws out the world movement. Hence she is said to be the Mother, Creatrix and the leader of worlds.
    32. Just as the blossoming of Life from matter is seen in trees, even so the blossoming of Mind in mankind is also clear.
    33. Next will be the flowering of the Vijnana, the supermind for us on earth. When this is accomplished, the divinizing of man, his attainment of all around perfection is also accomplished.
    34. This is called as the New creation. It could be accomplished by the Supreme Shakti even when man lives on Earth.

    [The rishi-s of the Rig Veda had the experience of the Vijnana. However they do not appear to have considered the possibility of bringing down this power into the Earth, like the power of Mind. This insight is due to Sri Aurobindo.]

    [The 34 items here are extracted from the Sanskrit poem “Tatvaprabha” in 70 verses authored by T. V. Kapali Sastry. The original work was read and approved by Sri Aurobindo and published by Ashram in 1942. An English translation of the work done by author along with an extensive commentary on each verse was published in the journal “Advent”, in 1950, with the title, “Light on the Fundamentals”. Now it is available as a separate book; it is also in the volume 2 of his Collected Works. The author calls this work as an extract from the teachings of Sri Aurobindo implying that he has used not only “The Life Divine” but also the Secret of the Veda and others. TVK states in p. 111 of the second volume that, “I had a system formed long ago in my mind that could be based on the traditional wisdom of the ancient mystics from the Rig Vedic times traversing the scriptures of an earlier age, followed by the Upanishads and Agamas of the different sects and purana-s down to our own times. The formation of such a system was felicitated by Sri Aurobindo’s references to the vedic, vedantic and tantric teachings”. Thus the book was published by Ashram as an appendix to the Sanskrit work, “Four Powers of the Mother”, which is the Sanskrit rendering done by TVK, of the well-known work, “The Mother” by Sri Aurobindo.]

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SAKSHI Translations: External Reviews

• External reviews of the Rig Veda Translation
• External Reviews of the Yajur Veda Translation

1. Sāyaṇa Ācharya
2. The other commentaries in Sanskṛt
3. Translations in English
4. Translations in Indian languages such as Kannada and others

This essay briefly reviews the translations and commentaries, available in India today for purchase, or easily accessible. It is divided into 4 sub parts.

It is easy to criticize any translation such as that of SAKSI on various grounds. However I know how much effort is needed in bringing out a complete translation. Therefore my remarks will be constructive and aim to help the readers to find the material not covered in my translations. Note that we should study commentaries, but not raise them to the level of Veda. Every bhāshya appeals to some persons.

The earliest complete commentary on Rig Veda mantra Samhita is due to Sāyaṇa Ācharya in the fourteenth century CE. It was done with the patronage of the kings of the Karnataka Empire with its capital in Vijayanāgar.

There are two complete English translations of RV done in the nineteenth century namely the 7-volumes of H.H. Wilson (1850-1858 CE) and that of R.T.H. Griffith (1896 CE) in a single volume.

There are two complete translations of Rig Veda done in the twentieth century. The first is the 30 volume edition done in (1947-1955) in Kannada language by H.P. Venkata Rao with the patronage of Maharaja of Mysore. This is mentioned in section 4.4.

The 13 volume translation in English, was produced by Veda Pratiṣhṭhāna of New Delhi in the period 1977-1984. It is discussed in section 4.3.

All other translations and commentaries cover only a part of Rig Veda. I cover some of them also. I will not dwell on the great Sanskṛt commentary of Kapāli Sastry on the first 121 sūktās and also his illuminating Bhūmika since these have been discussed in earlier SAKSI books.

1. Sāyaṇa Ācharya and the scope of his work

Sāyaṇa Ācharya (1315-1387 CE) was the only person to write (or edit) a commentary on all the five Veda mantra Samhita books and also the relevant Brāhmaṇa books. He is the only one to write a commentary on the entire Rig Veda Mantra Samhita. All lovers of Veda must be grateful to him for these works and the luminous introductions to these works. A brief look at his life and the times in which he lived will be very useful for us to appreciate the range of his efforts.

A study of his life and his times gives ample clues towards understanding the scope of his work or the boundaries set by Sāyaṇa for his work. Recall that he studied in the monastery associated with the great Vedānta teacher Shankara, under his guru Swami Vidyatirtha, who was its head at that time. Naturally he completely accepted the teachings of Shankara in toto, assigning the Veda mantrās to karmakānda. Only the Upanishads were regarded as the repository of wisdom. It is the common idea prevailing even today in many so-called places of learning mathas, in India.

Recall that Sāyaṇa was not a fulltime Pandit. He was a successful prime minister of the vast empire of Karnataka with its capital in Vijayanāgar and also participated in battles. He with Hukka and others was instrumental in bringing together many small kingdoms to form a single kingdom, known as the Karnataka empire, so as to withstand the Islamic onslaughts. The Karnataka empire was restored so as to bring resurgence of all aspects of Indian culture. Sāyaṇa , being its prime minister and one of its founders, could not afford to be partial to any group. In India, all ideas are traced to Veda in the minds of ordinary people. Specifically it was felt:

(i) Veda had the knowledge of rituals whose performance gives prosperity.

(ii) The basis of Purāṇās with all their anecdotes was Veda.

(iii) The grammarian scholars of the empire felt that every word in the Veda can be traced to its roots as suggested by the great Panini.

(iv) Most of the Hindus went to temples where elaborate worship was performed to the deities Viṣhṇu, Shiva etc. These people wanted to know the connection of the mantrās of Veda to these deities.

(v) The ordinary people used several Veda mantrās in their sandhya worship; they wanted to know their meaning and their context.

(vi) Among Hindus, the natural phenomena such as rainfall or dawn are associated with the divine powers. Persons wanted to know what Veda has to say on the natural phenomenon.

Thus, Sāyaṇa , assisted by numerous pandits, wrote this magnificent commentary to satisfy the aspirations of a variety of Hindus. Sāyaṇa in his commentary on RV (1.164) states that he is aware of the spiritual interpretation of some mantrās. However he feels that the discussion of the spiritual interpretation is outside the scope of his book. For the clarification of the word, ‘spiritual’, see the note in page (ix).

To understand the contribution of Sāyaṇa , we have to study carefully his five bhūmikās (introduction) for the five Veda Mantra Samhitas. All these bhūmikās along with a wealth of information both in English and Sanskṛt is in the book, ‘Veda Bhashya Bhūmika Samgraha’, by Padma Vibhushan Baladeva Upadhyaya, originally published in 1934 in Benares.

Many (but not all) western indologists are highly appreciative of Sāyaṇa ’s commentary. The translator H.H. Wilson states: ‘‘although the interpretation of Sāyaṇa may be, occasionally, questioned, he undoubtedly had a knowledge of his text far beyond the pretensions of any European scholar, and must have been in possession, either through his own learning, or that of his assistants, of all the interpretations which had been perpetuated, by traditional teaching, from the earliest times.’’

We give here two other interesting estimates of Sāyaṇa’s work. Both Professors Benfey and Cowell do not accept the statement that Sāyaṇa ’s commentary represents the complete Indian tradition from the time of composition of the hymns to his time.

Professor Benfey notes: ‘‘Everyone who has carefully studied the Indian interpretations is aware that absolutely no continuous tradition extending from the composition of the veda to their explanation by Indian scholars can be assumed; that, on the contrary, between the genuine poetic remains of vedic antiquity and their interpretations, a long continued break in the tradition must have intervened; out of which, at most, the comprehension of some particulars may have been rescued and handed down to later times by means of liturgical usage and words, formulae, and perhaps also poems connected therewith’’. ‘‘This last work of rescue is exactly what Sāyaṇa ’s commentary represents’’ (KS).

Another western scholar, Professor Cowell remarks, in his preface to one of the volumes of Wilson’s translations that, ‘‘This work does not pretend to give a complete translation of the Rig Veda, but only a faithful image of that particular phase of its interpretation which the mediaeval Hindus, as represented by Sāyaṇa , have preserved. This view is in itself interesting and of a historical value; but far wider and deeper study is needed to pierce to the real meaning of these old hymns. Sāyaṇa ’s commentary will always retain a value of its own—even its mistakes are interesting—but his explanations must not for a moment bar the progress of scholarship’’. KS adds, ‘‘we appreciate the balanced and judicial statement of this Western scholar, for uttering these words of caution and wisdom, that Sāyaṇa ’s commentary represents a faithful picture of a particular phase of Vedic interpretation.’’

The shortcomings of the commentary by Sāyaṇa are well-documented by SA and also by KS, in his book, ‘‘A New Light on the Veda’’ published by SAKSI. I will focus here on only one aspect. For words such as vāja or ritam, which occur in more than 500 mantrās, he assigns twenty or more arbitrary meanings in different places to force the ritualist meanings. For details, see the book by A.B. Purani, ‘Studies in Vedic Interpretation’.

In our book, the word vāja has only one meaning namely plenitude; ṛtam means the ‘Right’ or ‘Truth in movement’. svadha is Self-law, the law within the self which supports each entity. However, I have extensively utilised the work of Sāyaṇa .

Other Sanskṛt Commentators: Mādhwācharya and Ānanda Tirtha (1238-1317) was the founder of a school in Vedānta known as Dvaita. The centre of his activities was Udupi in Karnataka. He was a great logician also and author of numerous books and commentaries on several scriptures like Brahma Sutra, Upanishads etc. He does not accept the Karma Kāṇḍa, Jnāna Kāṇḍa division of Shri Shankara. He regards Veda mantrās such as RV Samhita as divinely inspired like the Upanishads. He believes that Veda is monotheistic with the supreme god as One who is all pervading. Since Viṣhṇu means all-pervading, he regards Viṣhṇu as the Supreme God in RV. There is no point in labelling him as fanatic etc., for this choice. He commented only on the first 40 sūktās of Rig Veda. He traces the words in RV to their roots to fix their meanings. He uses extensive logic. His disciple Jayatirtha wrote a detailed commentary (tippaṇi) on his work. A very interesting book in this tradition is the ‘Mantra Artha Manjari’ by Sri Raghavendra Tīrtha (1623-71 CE). It has a detailed discussion on how the meanings of the words get fixed.

Even though the Sanskṛt work of Anandatirtha was printed in 1892, its first English translation appeared only hundred years later, in 1996 due to Prof. Narasimhan, a professor of Mathematics. This feature is an indicator of the pall of inertia covering the Hindu consciousness in the last thousand years or more.

Swāmi dayānanda (1824-1883 CE)

He was a great reformer. He felt that Hinduism had several drawbacks which prevented the progress of Hindus. First, is the worship of the multiple gods and the second is the worship of idols in temples. The movement started by him is known as Arya Samaj. Swami D felt that Hindus should make Veda their main scripture since it taught only monotheism. He wrote a commentary in Sanskṛt on several maṇḍalaof RV. He also wrote an extensive Bhūmika (introduction) in a question-answer format. A complete English translation of the Bhūmika done by Paramanand is very interesting. Like Sāyaṇa , D gave different meanings for the same word occurring in different places so as to get the meanings of the mantrās he wanted. Some meanings assigned by him in RV (1.116.6) are:

ashvins: water and fire,

vaji: a car moving at very high speed,

havya: worth having,

arya: trader,

(See P.259 in the Paramanand’s book)

He believed that all the technological devices such as aeroplane, telegraphy, steam-driven ships etc., were known to the people of Vedic times. For instance, he translates the word ‘tarutāram’ in (1.119.10) as ‘telegraph’. He feels that the entire Veda is of nonhuman origin and it has no starting date. See the box in p. 400.

Translation of Rig Veda in English

The earliest translation in English is due to H.H. Wilson, his first volume was published in 1850. He had high respect for Sāyaṇa ’s work and his translation follows the Sanskṛt commentary of Sāyaṇa without the grammatical details.

A new edition of his translation, prepared by Nag Publishers (1989) in 7 volumes, has also the mantrās in Devanāgari, the notes and several indices. The editor of this series, Prof. Dayanand Bhargava states, ‘my teachers always taught me Sāyaṇa ’s commentary even when they had to teach the ‘Vedic Reader’ by A.A. Macdonnell; my own experience of teaching for the last 20 years has shown that they were correct’’.

The work of R.T.H. Griffith, published in 1897 has only summary translations of all the mantrās of RV. His book has no text of the mantra. Griffith makes several rude comments on Rig Veda and its seers. He assumed that the poets of Rig Veda were nomads or engaged in primitive agriculture. For a detailed comparison of the translation of Griffith and that done by (SA), see the SAKSI book ‘Semantics of Rig Veda’. However it is good to remember that this was the only book easily available for Hindus for knowing the meaning of Rig Veda in English for over a hundred years, till the appearance of the edition of Nag publishers.

Note that for almost all Indologists, the battles in the Rig Veda are actual physical events between different tribes or clans, the so called devas and the dasyus. For a detailed rebuttal of the claims of these authors, see ‘The problem of Aryan invasion’, by K.D. Sethna. This book includes a chapter entitled, ‘Sri Aurobindo’s symbolic interpretation of Veda’.

Veda Pratiṣhṭhāna, in New Delhi has brought out a complete English translation of Rig Veda in thirteen volumes in the period (1977-84). The translators, Swami Satyaprakāsh Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidyālankar are admirers and followers of Swāmi dayānanda’s thought. Not unexpectedly, they strongly criticize the commentary of Sāyaṇa stating, ‘‘Sāyaṇa ’s interpretation of the Vedas, instead of bringing credit to the race and culture, brought a disregard and disrepute, and damaged more than did any good to the reputation they deserved . . ‘‘ (p. 104, volume 1). According to them, ‘‘Aurobindo treads on dangerous grounds as much as his mysticism may lead to the worst kind of superstition . .’’ (p.129, volume 1).

However if one takes a close look at their English translation, several sentences closely resemble the sentences in the translation by H.H. Wilson. It appears that they began their work with a copy of Wilson’s translation and replaced words connected with deities such as Agni, Indra, Ashvin etc., and related words like Rākṣhasās etc., by other words. For instance, Rakshasa is replaced by ‘wicked’. Agni is replaced by ‘fire-divine’ or ‘leader of men’. Indra by ‘commentator of army’ or other epithets connected with human beings.

For instance take (10.87.1)

‘‘I offer clarified butter to the powerful fire-divine, the destroyer of the wicked. I approach the friendly (fire-divine) for obtaining comfort. Enkindled, sharpened (and thus aroused) by our pious devotees, may the fire divine guard us from evils, by day and by night.’’ (Veda Pratiṣhṭhāna)

The translation of Wilson of the same mantra is:

‘‘I offer clarified butter to the powerful Agni, the slayer of Rākṣhasās; I approach the most spacious dwelling, the friend (of the worshippers); Agni sharpening (his flames) is kindled by pious men; may he guard us from malignant spirits by day and by night’’ (Wilson).

Another Example (10.63.2):

‘‘O divine powers, all your appellations and names are worthy of adorations, praise and reverence; whether you have come forth from heaven, or from firmament or from earth, may you hear our invocations on this occasion’’ (Veda Pratishthan).

Wilson’s Translation: All your appellations, gods, are to be revered and praised and worshipped, and whether you are sprung from heaven or from the firmament or from earth, hear at this (solemnity) my invocation’’. (Wilson)

Nowhere in their 13 volumes do these authors mention that they depend on Wilson’s translation. These authors abuse Sāyaṇa without realising that the translation of Wilson which they copy closely follows the work of Sāyaṇa . How has their translation, ‘brought credit to their race and culture’?

Most Hindus are highly appreciative of Max Muller for his stupendous work in getting the text of Rig Veda in Devanāgari printed along with Sāyaṇa ’s commentary in the latter part of nineteenth century, a work spanning over 20 years. This work and the work of Western indologists, often critical of the Hindu thought, jolted the Hindus out of the pall of inertia hanging on their psyche. Some persons began to study Rig Veda with some seriousness. But they uncritically accepted the views of the Western Indologists because of their lack of questioning spirit and their inability to fully understand the basic texts in Sanskṛt and the commentaries in Sanskṛt.

Translations in Indian languages such as Kannada

The most extensive translation and commentary on Rig Veda was produced in Mysore during 1945-1955; it involves a total of 25,000 pages in thirty volumes in the edition of large size (1/4 demy, 22cms x 28cms). Its chief Patron was His Highness Sri Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar, the Maharaja of Mysore. Its spiritual patron was the saint Shilpasiddhanti Shivayogi Shri Siddhalingaswami belonging to the Lingayat (Basaveshvara) lineage. This book is in Kannada language and Kannada script. Note that the Kannada language has all the vowels and consonants of the Sanskṛt with some more vowels. Hence the Veda mantrās can be written in Kannada script with perfect clarity (This is true of Telugu, but not of Tamil). For each mantra, the book gives the text, meaning for every word in it following Sāyaṇa ’s commentary, the grammar and ritual aspects in Sāyaṇa ’s commentary. In addition it gives extensive quotations from the Brāhmaṇa books, Nirukta of Yāska, Brihaddevata, Purāṇās and epics and also some comments of Western Indologists. The entire work was done by Asthana Vidwan H.P. Venkata Rao assisted by a team of scholars for providing the details on Mīmamasa, Brāhmaṇa books etc. In addition, 5 more books were added dealing with Nirukta and Aitareya Brāhmaṇa; the last volume, the 36th, has several indices.

Outside of Karnataka, very few have heard about the book. Even within, some persons in the Vedic circles mention its name, but very few have read even a single volume, in some detail. The period (1950-1980) can be regarded as the period in which the Upanishads became known as the books of knowledge; hence there was little interest in studying the Veda which was regarded as dealing with rites. Consequently this great work was ignored.

I am not aware of any complete translation of all the Rig Veda mantrās in any other Indian languages. I have heard about the translation of Rig Veda in Hindi done by the great scholar Satavalekar. And those done by Pundits under the direction of Swāmi dayānanda are not complete. Of course, there are translations of selected hymns of Rig Veda in several Indian languages. For instance Jambunathan has done this in Tamil. Note that in Tamil Nadu, the text of Veda mantra is in the Grantha script.

(i) ‘Hymns to the Mystic Fire’, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, (1946), 1972, indicated as HMF.

(ii) ‘The Secret of the Veda’, (1956), 1972 indicated as SV

(iii) Upanishads, 1971.

HMF has translations with text of many Sukta-s (hymns) from Rig-Veda, dedicated to the mystic deity agni. The book has as excellent Foreword of about 20 pages, an overview of Rigveda entitled, ‘The Doctrine of the mystics’, a detailed commentary on some mantra-s, and an extensive and illuminating essay on the meanings of the various key words appearing in the Rig Veda and related issues.

The book SV is divided into 4 parts. The first part with 23 chapters(200 Pages) indicates the various secrets in the Veda supported by the relevant quotations from Rig Veda, given as translation along with transliteration of the Sanskrit . The second part contains translation and extensive commentary on 13(thirteen) Sukta-s of Rigveda. There is a wealth of information here. This website in essay 12, entitled ‘Gods: More Details’ has all these essays in detail. Part III gives the translation only of the 28 hymns to Agni from Mandala 5 along with the meaning of some words in them. It also contains the text and translation of the 11 suktas (hymns 62-72) dedicated to Mitra-Varuna. In addition, it has an interesting foreword to the Mandala 5, running to 5 pages. It has also extensive essays on the deities Agni, Surya, Divine Dawn, Savitar, Mitra,Varuna, Bhaga  Aryaman.The fourth section has translation of several hymns and a   long essay entitled ‘ The origins of the Aryan speech’. This topic is discussed also in the vol.27 of collected works of SA, pp163-185. The Journal: ‘Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Archers and Research’ has published the incomplete translations of several hymns, not contained in above hymns.

Summing up Sri Aurobindo has translated in detail at least three hundred suktas of Rigveda out of the 1028.

In the collected works of Kapali Sastry edited by Sri M.P. Pandit, the volumes one, four, five, six and ten, deal with Rig Veda. His major work on the Veda is Siddhanjana in Sanskrit. This book has a long introduction (bhumika) highlighting the main ideas of Rig Veda, and also responding to the criticisms of the spiritual interpretation of the Veda. The Sanskrit work and its translation are in volume 4 of the collected works. The remaining part of Siddhanjana has a detailed commentary with word-word meaning of the first 121 Suktas of Rigveda (First Mandala).The Sanskrit part is in volumes 4 and 5.

The English translation with word to word meanings of the first 32 Sukta-s is in volumes 4 and 6. The summary translation of the hymns 33-121, based on the Siddhanjana is in volume 10 of CW. SAKSI has brought out a new edition of the English translation of the introduction, entitled, ‘A New Light on the Veda’, in a user friendly format.

Volume 1 of CW has essays dwelling on the various aspects of the   esoteric meaning of Veda.

Professor Saligrama Ramachandra Rao has Published, Veda gudartha bodha Suktani’ containing 30 aphorisms in Sanskrit detailing the Secret in the Veda using Kapali sastry’s own language. It was originally prepared as a part of   long foreword written to the ‘Rig Veda Samhita, Mandala one’ authored by Dr. R.L. Kashyap and published by SAKSI in 2001. The aphorisms appear as an appendix in latest edition of book published in 2009.

SAKSI has published a compilation of the writings of Sri.T.V.Kapali Sastry in English entitled, ’Unveiling the light in the Veda’ edited by Dr. R.L. Kashyap. It is published by ‘Sri Sat Guru Publication: A division of Indian Books Centre. Several essays in this book have been modified into essays in this website.

The Vedās were written on palm-leaves and birch-barks. The earliest manuscripts are dated very roughly around 800 CE and the first person to do so was Vishukra as quoted in Al-hind of Al-Baruni (born in 973 CE) [translation of Al-hind by Edward Sachau entitled ‘Alberuni’s India’, Pub. in 1888 CE; reprinted in 2002]. The earliest printed text of the Rigveda mantra Samhita with the Bhāshya of Sāyaņa was brought out during (1848-1874) by Friedrich Max Muller (1823-1900). Dr. A Weber published the text of Vājasaneyi Samhitā of Shukla YajurVeda in 1852 and the Taittirīya Samhitā of Krişhņa Yajur Veda in 1871; Dr. L. Von Schroeder published the text of Maitrāyaņi Samhitā in (1881-86) and Kaţhaka Samhitā in (1900-11). Professor Stevenson published the text of the Rāņāyanīya Sāmaveda Samhitā with English trnaslation in 1842; Eugene Burnouf (1801-52) produced the German translation of “Kauthumīya Sāmaveda Samhitā in 1848. Roth and Whitney (1827-94) published the Atharva Veda Samhitā.

The critical edition of the Rigveda Samhitā with Sāyaņa’s commentary was brought out by the Vaidic Samshodhan Mandala in (1933-1951). Pandit Damodar Satvalekar (1867-1968) has brought out the texts of all the Veda Samhitās with good introductions in Sanskrit Hindi and Marathi beginning in 1918.

[The above information was obtained from the booklet “An Introduction to the Vedās” by K.S. Srinivasacharya published by the Alliance Company.]

The great contribution of Sri. M.P. Pandit is the compilation and publication of the 12 volumes of the collected works of his teacher, Kapali Sastry.

His own books on the Veda are:

• Mystic Approach to the Veda and the Upanishad.
• Aditi and other deities in the Veda
• Key to Vedic Symbolism
• Gems from the veda; also titled as ‘Wisdom of Veda’

Books on Upanishads

• The Upanishads
• Gleaning from the Upanishads
• Essence of the Upanishads
• Guide to the Upanishads

The selected works of Sri.M.P.Pandit in five volumes are edited by Rand Hicks and published by Integral Knowledge Study California, USA.

The fifth volume entitled ‘Traditions’ contains excerpts from his works such as, approach to Veda, Vedic Deities, Upanishads, Gems from the Veda, Thoughts on the Gita, Light on the Tantra-s, Gems from the Tantra, Traditions in mysticism, Traditions in Sadhana, Traditions in Occultism and other books.